Terrestrial Planet · Red Planet

Mars

The Red Planet has captivated humanity for centuries. With evidence of ancient rivers, polar ice caps, and the tallest volcano in the Solar System, Mars is the most promising candidate for future human colonisation.

Overview

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Atmosphere composition

Carbon Dioxide 95.3%
Nitrogen 2.7%
Argon 1.6%
Oxygen 0.13%
Carbon Monoxide 0.08%

Notable features

  • Olympus Mons - tallest volcano (21.9 km), 3× Everest
  • Valles Marineris - canyon system 4,000 km long
  • Polar ice caps of water and dry ice
  • Ancient river deltas and lake beds indicating past liquid water

Space missions

Mission Year Notes
Viking 1 & 2 1975 First successful Mars landers; searched for life
Curiosity 2012-present Nuclear-powered rover in Gale Crater
Perseverance 2021-present Collecting samples; Ingenuity helicopter
Mars Odyssey 2001-present Longest-operating Mars spacecraft

NASA images

Images courtesy of NASA Image & Video Library.