Biology & Life Sciences Study Guide

Biology is the science of life in all its forms - from microscopic bacteria and viruses to complex ecosystems and the human body. It encompasses genetics, which studies heredity and DNA; evolution, which explains how species change over time through natural selection; cell biology, which examines the basic unit of life; and ecology, which explores how organisms interact with their environments. Anatomy and physiology describe the structure and function of living bodies. Microbiology, botany, and zoology each examine distinct kingdoms of life. Advances in molecular biology and genomics are transforming medicine and agriculture. This sub-category tests knowledge of living organisms, biological processes, evolutionary history, and the scientific principles that explain how life functions, adapts, and diversifies on Earth.