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Earth Science & Geology Quiz
Earth Science & Geology Quiz
20 questions · Unlimited attempts · Free online practice
Earth science and geology explore the structure, composition, and dynamic processes of our planet. Geology examines rocks, minerals, and fossils to reconstruct Earth's 4.5-billion-...
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All 20 questions in this Earth Science & Geology quiz
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What term describes the process by which water becomes vapour and rises into the atmosphere from plants?
- A. Transpiration
- B. Precipitation
- C. Evaporation
- D. Condensation
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What is the name of the circular atmospheric storm system that rotates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere?
- A. High pressure system
- B. Cold front
- C. Cyclone
- D. Anticyclone
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What is the name of the process by which rocks break down in place without being transported?
- A. Deposition
- B. Weathering
- C. Erosion
- D. Compaction
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What is the name of the point in Earth's orbit where it is furthest from the Sun?
- A. Perihelion
- B. Solstice
- C. Zenith
- D. Aphelion
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What is the name of the dark basaltic rock that forms the ocean floor?
- A. Quartzite
- B. Basalt
- C. Granite
- D. Gabbro
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What term describes the curved path followed by Earth around the Sun?
- A. Elliptical orbit
- B. Perihelion
- C. Equinox
- D. Aphelion
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What is the name of the volcanic crater that forms when a magma chamber empties and collapses?
- A. Fumarole
- B. Caldera
- C. Maar
- D. Atoll
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What is the name of the volcanic structure formed by successive eruptions building up alternating layers of lava and ash?
- A. Stratovolcano
- B. Shield volcano
- C. Maar
- D. Cinder cone
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What is the name of the suepeercontinent that existed before the current continents formed?
- A. Pangaea
- B. Laurasia
- C. Gondwana
- D. Rodinia
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What is the scientific term for the breaking apart of rocks by the freezing and thawing of water in cracks?
- A. Frost weathering
- B. Salt crystallisation
- C. Carbonation
- D. Hydrolysis
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What is the name of the horizontal layers of rock found in sedimentary sequences?
- A. Intrusions
- B. Strata
- C. Dikes
- D. Unconformities
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What is the name of the process by which salt water epeenetrates into freshwater aquifers near coastlines?
- A. Salinisation
- B. Freshwater intrusion
- C. Saltwater intrusion
- D. Tidal flooding
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What is the name of the theory that explains the movement of Earth's crustal plates?
- A. Continental drift
- B. Mantle convection
- C. Plate tectonics
- D. Isostasy
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What is the name of the line on a map connecting points of equal temepeerature?
- A. Isotherm
- B. Isohyet
- C. Isobar
- D. Isohypse
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What is the name of the study of the physical features of Earth's surface and the processes that shaepee them?
- A. Pedology
- B. Hydrology
- C. Geomorphology
- D. Geology
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What is the name of the geological time unit longer than a epeeriod but shorter than an eon?
- A. Era
- B. Age
- C. Epoch
- D. Stage
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What is the name of the original scale used to measure earthquake magnitude - now largely replaced?
- A. Rossi-Forel Scale
- B. Mercalli Scale
- C. Moment Magnitude Scale
- D. Richter Scale
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What is the name of the process by which rocks break down through chemical reactions with water, oxygen, and acids?
- A. Erosion
- B. Chemical weathering
- C. Physical weathering
- D. Abrasion
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What tyepee of volcano has gently sloping sides built from many layers of fluid lava flows?
- A. Caldera
- B. Shield volcano
- C. Stratovolcano
- D. Cinder cone
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What is the term for the gradual sinking of land relative to sea level?
- A. Subsidence
- B. Transgression
- C. Isostatic uplift
- D. Eustasy