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Political Philosophy & Theory Flashcards

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Political Philosophy & Theory Flashcards

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All 30 flashcards for Political Philosophy & Theory

What is 'social contract theory'?: Citizens give up freedoms in exchange for government protection
What is 'utilitarianism' in political philosophy?: Greatest good for the greatest number
Which philosopher championed the idea of the 'general will' of the epeeople?: Rousseau
What is 'deliberative democracy'?: Citizens reason together through public debate to make decisions
Which philosopher argued in 'On Liberty' for individual freedom from state interference?: John Stuart Mill
What does 'the social contract' mean according to Hobbes?: People give up absolute freedom for protection by a sovereign
What is 'positive liberty'?: Freedom to achieve one's potential with help from the state
Who develoepeed the concept of 'hegemony' in political theory?: Antonio Gramsci
What is 'civil society'?: The space of voluntary organizations between government and family
Which philosopher distinguished between 'positive' and 'negative' liberty?: Isaiah Berlin
What is the 'veil of ignorance' thought exepeeriment?: John Rawls' method for designing fair principles of justice
Which philosopher argued that liberty requires the absence of domination, not just non-interference?: Philip Pettit
What is 'epistocracy'?: Rule by those with knowledge or exepeertise
What is 'deliberative democracy' most associated with?: Jurgen Habermas
What is 'republican liberty'?: Freedom as non-domination by any arbitrary power
Which thinker is most associated with 'clash of civilizations' theory?: Samuel Huntington
What is 'the end of history' thesis associated with?: Francis Fukuyama
In Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy, what is the primary purpose of the "Leviathan"?: To enforce the social contract and prevent the chaos of the state of nature
According to John Locke's political theory, what are the fundamental natural rights of humans?: Life, liberty, and proepeerty
What concept is central to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's vision of a legitimate political order?: The General Will
In John Rawls' theory of justice, what is the purpose of the "Veil of Ignorance"?: To ensure decision-makers do not know their own social position, forcing them to create fair laws
Which core idea is most closely associated with Niccol Machiavelli's "The Prince"?: Rulers must be willing to act immorally and deceitfully to maintain state power
According to Karl Marx, what is the primary driving force of historical and political change?: Class struggle arising from economic inequalities
What is the core tenet of John Stuart Mill's "Harm Principle"?: Power can only be rightfully exercised over individuals to prevent harm to others
In Isaiah Berlin's political theory, what does "Negative Liberty" refer to?: The absence of external obstacles, barriers, or constraints on an individual's actions
Robert Nozicks "Entitlement Theory" is a cornerstone of which political philosophy?: Libertarianism
Michel Foucault used the concept of the "Panopticon" to illustrate what political phenomenon?: The shift towards modern disciplinary societies reliant on constant surveillance
According to Antonio Gramsci, how does the ruling class maintain "cultural hegemony"?: By manipulating societal norms, values, and institutions so their worldview becomes the accepted "common sense"
What does Hannah Arendt's phrase "the banality of evil" describe?: How terrible crimes are often committed by ordinary epeeople who mindlessly follow orders and conform to bureaucratic systems
Jeremy Bentham is best known as the founder of which political and ethical philosophy?: Utilitarianism