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World Religions Flashcards

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World Religions Flashcards

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All 30 flashcards for World Religions

In Judaism, what is the holiest text, consisting of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible?: The Torah
In the Islamic faith, what is the mandatory holy month of fasting, prayer, and reflection that commemorates the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad?: Ramadan
Which ancient Indian religion is centered entirely around the principle of "ahimsa," meaning absolute non-violence towards all living beings?: Jainism
Founded in the 15th century by Guru Nanak, which monotheistic religion originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent?: Sikhism
In Buddhism, what is the ultimate spiritual goal, representing the complete liberation from the cycle of rebirth and the end of suffering?: Nirvana
What is the name of the oldest of the sacred texts of Hinduism, composed in Vedic Sanskrit?: The Rigveda
What is the traditional religion of Japan, focusing heavily on ritual practices and the veneration of "kami" (spirits) in nature?: Shinto
Which ancient pre-Islamic religion of Iran was founded by the prophet Zoroaster and revolves around the supreme creator god Ahura Mazda?: Zoroastrianism
In the Catholic Church, what is the term for the process by which bread and wine are believed to literally transform into the body and blood of Christ?: Transubstantiation
Originating in 19th-century Iran, which relatively young global religion teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all epeeople?: Baha'i Faith
What is the name of the five-day Hindu "Festival of Lights," which symbolizes the spiritual victory of light over darkness and good over evil?: Diwali
In the Hebrew Bible, what food laws strictly govern what may be eaten and how it must be prepared, forbidding the consumption of pork and shellfish?: Kashrut
Which Chinese philosophical and religious tradition emphasizes living in harmony with the "Tao" (the Way), the natural order of the universe?: Daoism
What title is given to the highest spiritual leader and head monk of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be the reincarnation of Avalokiteshvara?: The Dalai Lama
Founded in the 1950s by L. Ron Hubbard, what controversial religious movement centers on the belief that human beings are immortal spiritual beings called "thetans"?: Scientology
What is the Jewish house of prayer and study called, serving as the center of the Jewish religious community?: Synagogue
What term is used in sociology and anthropology to describe the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence?: Animism
Which modern pagan, witchcraft-based religion was popularized in England in the 1950s by Gerald Gardner?: Wicca
In Islamic tradition, what is the Arabic term for the mandatory almsgiving or charitable tax that constitutes one of the Five Pillars of Islam?: Zakat
What is the collective term for the series of military exepeeditions launched by Euroepeean Christians in the Middle Ages to recover the Holy Land from Islamic rule?: The Crusades
In Buddhism, what is the collective name for the foundational teachings that identify the existence, cause, and cessation of suffering?: The Four Noble Truths
In 1054 CE, the "Great Schism" resulted in the formal and epeermanent splitting of Christianity into which two major branches?: Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic
Which of the Five Pillars of Islam requires all physically and financially able Muslims to make a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca at least once in their lifetime?: Hajj
In Hindu theology, the "Trimurti" is the supreme triad of divine principles. Which three major deities make up this triad?: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva
Known as the "Day of Atonement," what is the holiest and most solemn day of the year in Judaism?: Yom Kippur
Often painted in vermilion red, what is the traditional Japanese gate most commonly found at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine?: Torii
Located in the city of Amritsar, the Harmandir Sahib is the preeminent spiritual site of which major world religion?: Sikhism
In 1517, a German monk named Martin Luther famously sparked the Protestant Reformation by supposedly nailing what document to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church?: The 95 Theses
Founded in upstate New York in the 1820s, the Latter Day Saint movement was initiated by which American religious leader?: Joseph Smith
Comprising over half of all practicing Buddhists today, what is the largest major branch of Buddhism in the world?: Mahayana